"Symbolic Inversion"

In the article “Images of Women in the Gilgamesh Epic,” the author analyzes the role of women in the Epic of Gilgamesh that leads to the discussion of symbolic inversion. Symbolic inversion according to Rivkah Harris is defined as “Any act of expressive behavior which inverts, contradicts, abrogates or in some fashion presents an alternative to commonly held cultural codes, values and norms” (220). Harris’ discussion and analysis of “symbolic inversion” not only gives readers a different perspective regarding the cultural norms of men and women but also introduces the application of the epic of Gilgamesh in modern times.

Throughout the article, Rivkah Harris gives examples of this symbolic inversion. One of the first examples that guide this discussion is the analysis of the harlot Shamhat. On page 223 the author cites Paul Friedrich who suggests that the role of Shamhat is connected to the theme of civilization. In other words, this character represents the urban life. Rivkah furthers analyzes the character and argues that this character shows the inverse roles by saying that prostitution in Mesopotamia had a low and bad reputation but in the Epic of Gilgamesh she is a wise, maternal woman.

Rivkah Harris concludes the discussion by saying that the Gilgamesh Epic informs and reveals cultural stereotypes and ideals, as well experiences about its author. In addition, the author asks readers about its relevance to everyday life. Based on these observations, it seems that the Epic of Gilgamesh and the use of “Symbolic Inversions” reflect the role of men and women in these modern days. In other words, the cultural norms and the roles of men and women these days correlate with the discussion of the “symbolic inversion.” Nowadays, one can see a man or husband doing activities that in the past were done only by women. One example is staying at home in order to take care of children. In addition, in these years, there are more women entering the academic and labor sector.